ABSTRACT
Os autores fazem uma revisäo das "drogas desenhadas" - específicamente o MDMA, a metcatinona e o alfa-metil-fentanil, substâncias sintéticas produzidas ilegalmente em laboratório; enfatizam suas propriedades, seu uso crescente na populaçäo e a importância do diagnóstico de manifestaçöes pelo uso dessas drogas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/adverse effects , 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/pharmacokinetics , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Illicit Drugs/pharmacokinetics , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Ephedrine/pharmacokinetics , Substance-Related DisordersABSTRACT
La realización de la anestesia en obstetricia se diferencia de otras, fundamentalmente porque son dos los seres humanos que están a nuestro cuidado, unidos a través de la placenta. La adecuada elección de las drogas debe basarse en la fisiología de la embarazada, de la placenta y del feto. La presente revisión considera estos tópicos conjuntamente con los factores fisiopatológicos que alteran la farmacocinética de los fármacos utilizados en este período. Combinando ambos conceptos, la fisiología y la farmacocinética alteradas, nos permite inferir el uso racional de medicamentos en el binomio madre-feto, ya sea durante el trabajo de parto, el parto en sí, y en las intervenciones no obstétricas y obstétricas. Los grupos de drogas consideradas son dos : drogas anestésicas y perianestésicas. En el primer grupo se menciona los agentes inductores, ansiolíticos, neurolépticos, morfinosímiles, relajantes musculares periféricos, agentes inhalatorios y anestésicos locales. En el segundo grupo se ha tratado bloqueantes H2, bloqueantes colinérgicos, hipertensores, ocitócicos y depresores del miometrio.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Fetus/physiology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects , Pharmacokinetics , Placenta/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, General/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, General/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/toxicity , Cholinergic Antagonists/pharmacokinetics , Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacokinetics , Benzodiazepines/pharmacokinetics , Biotransformation , Ephedrine/pharmacokinetics , Ketamine/pharmacokinetics , Meperidine/pharmacokinetics , Molecular Weight , Propofol/pharmacokinetics , Thiopental/pharmacokinetics , Biological TransportABSTRACT
Compressed tablets were prepared from theophylline and /or ephedrine HCL after mixing with sodium carboxymethylcellulose [Na CMC]. The effect of polymer content in the tablets on release patterns of the studied drugs was examined in vitro. A linear relationship between 150% of tablets [time to release 50% of the drug in vitro] and the ratio of polymer content to drug was found to exist within certain limits. The order of release was determined by fitting the experimental data into a simple semiempirical equation. Tablets containing [1:0.5:1.5] theophylline and Na CMC as intra- and extra granular additive showed a linear, zero-order release and achieved 100% release within 10.5 hours. A similar release of ephedrine HCL from tablets with drug to polymer ratio of 1:2 was observed. Complete release of ephedrine HCL took place within 8 hours. Tablets of theophylline, ephedrine HCL and Na CMC at ratio of 4:1:5 showed complete release of both drugs within 7 hours